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Jain Svetambara Tirthankara in Meditation

Jain Svetambara Tirthankara in Meditation

Culture: Indian

Date: 18th century or earlier
Medium: white marble
Dimensions:
Overall: 14 1/2 x 10 3/4 x 5 1/4 in. (36.8 x 27.3 x 13.3 cm)
Credit Line:Museum Purchase
Object number: 1916.11.1

This white marble sculpture represents one of the twenty-four tirthankaras ("crossers of the ford") or jinas ("victorious ones", i.e., conquerors of desire) of the Jain religion. There is very little physical difference between representations of seated Buddhas and those of tirthankaras in Indian art: both are considered enlightened beings and display the markings appropriate for such personages.  In addition, however, there are a few marks specific to either Buddhas or tirthankaras. The srivatsa mark on the chest and the lack of the urna (tuft of hair between the eyes) indicates that our image is a tirthankara. 

Representations of Jain figures follow a very conservative iconographic and artistic tradition.  Since the inactive, almost nude figure with passive expression does not lend itself to dramatic sculptural interpretation, the burden of aesthetic success rests on the skillful and sensitive rendering and manipulation of simple forms into a well-proportioned, visually pleasing sculptural unity. 

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